OR Spectrum Referencing Guide
(updated Apr 2024)

How do you cite a book in the OR Spectrum referencing style? (2024 Guide)

When writing an academic paper, you will surely come across the challenge of citing a book properly. Here’s how to do it in OR Spectrum:

Here’s an example book citation in OR Spectrum using placeholders: So if we want to cite, for example, “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou we’d do so like this:
OR Spectrum citation: And an in-text citation book citation in OR Spectrum looks like this: (Angelou 1969)


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How to reference a journal article in the OR Spectrum citation style?

How do you cite scientific papers in OR Spectrum format?

Use the following template to cite a journal article using the OR Spectrum citation format.

Here’s a OR Spectrum journal citation example using placeholders: So if we want to reference this scientific article: “Testing consumer preferences for iced-coffee: Does the drinking environment have any influence?” by C. Petit and J.M. Sieffermann in OR Spectrum: And an in-text citation would look like this: (Petit and Sieffermann 2007)


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How to cite a website in a paper in OR Spectrum style?

I found a useful website and want to cite information from it in my paper. How do I reference in OR Spectrum? Here’s a simple guide on how to do it

Here’s an OR Spectrum example website reference: To reference the article located at this link:
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/nov/05/uselections20083
on The Guardian website: And an in-text citation would look like this: (Tran 2008)

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How to cite a YouTube video OR Spectrum in 2024

While you might first think of books, journal articles, and news websites as go-to sources for academic work, YouTube also provides a wealth of quality information. Here’s how to cite it in OR Spectrum

Here’s a OR Spectrum citation YouTube video example: So how to cite a video OR Spectrum? And an in-text video citation would look like this: (Pixar 2015)

How to cite a podcast using OR Spectrum referencing style

A more entertaining way to learn is to simply listen to a podcast. This is something relatively new that many people still don’t know how to cite and reference. Here’s how to do it in OR Spectrum

It is becoming more and more common to reference podcasts in essays or other school work.
Here’s how to reference a podcast it in OR Spectrum. Podcast referencing example in OR Spectrum using “This American Life” episode 640: And an in-text citation would look like this: (This American Life 2018)

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How to cite a piece of music or a song using OR Spectrum referencing style?

Many people think that referencing songs or lyrics to songs isn’t common practise. That’s why we’re here to make it as simple and easy for you to reference a song in OR Spectrum. This is all you need

An example song citation in OR Spectrum. Let‘s say we want to reference “Here Comes the Sun” off The Beatles “Abbey Road” album in OR Spectrum: And an in-text citation would look like this: (The Beatles 1969)