Spine Referencing Guide
(updated Jun 2023)

How do you cite a book in the Spine referencing style? (2023 Guide)

Books are written works or compositions that have been published, many of which might be in digital version. Here’s how to cite a book in Spine

Here’s an example book citation in Spine using placeholders: So if we want to cite, for example, “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou we’d do so like this:
Spine citation: And an in-text citation book citation in Spine looks like this: ¹


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How to reference a journal article in the Spine citation style?

How do you cite scientific papers in Spine format?

A journal is a scholarly article that presents research from experts in a certain field. Here’s how to cite a paper in Spine

Here’s a Spine journal citation example using placeholders: So if we want to reference this scientific article: “Testing consumer preferences for iced-coffee: Does the drinking environment have any influence?” by C. Petit and J.M. Sieffermann in Spine: And an in-text citation would look like this: ¹


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How to cite a website in a paper in Spine style?

When listing Internet sources in your References or Works Cited, the most important thing to remember is that your goal is to make it easy for a reader to check and consult your sources. Here’s how to cite a website in Spine

Here’s an Spine example website reference: To reference the article located at this link:
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/nov/05/uselections20083
on The Guardian website: And an in-text citation would look like this: ¹

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How to cite a YouTube video Spine in 2023

Are you watching a YouTube video and you don’t know how to cite it? Here’s a simple way to do it in Spine

Here’s a Spine citation YouTube video example: So how to cite a video Spine? And an in-text video citation would look like this: ¹

How to cite a podcast using Spine referencing style

Did you know there are over 50 million podcast episodes out in the world for you to listen to? If you want to cite one in Spine, here’s how

It is becoming more and more common to reference podcasts in essays or other school work.
Here’s how to reference a podcast it in Spine. Podcast referencing example in Spine using “This American Life” episode 640: And an in-text citation would look like this: ¹

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How to cite a piece of music or a song using Spine referencing style?

Did you know there are well over 100 million different songs you can cite and reference? Here’s a simple guide to reference any song in Spine

An example song citation in Spine. Let‘s say we want to reference “Here Comes the Sun” off The Beatles “Abbey Road” album in Spine: And an in-text citation would look like this: ¹