European Spine Journal Referencing Guide
(updated Oct 2023)

How do you cite a book in the European Spine Journal referencing style? (2023 Guide)

To create a basic works-cited-list entry for a book in European Spine Journal follow these simple steps

Here’s an example book citation in European Spine Journal using placeholders: So if we want to cite, for example, “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou we’d do so like this:
European Spine Journal citation: And an in-text citation book citation in European Spine Journal looks like this: [1]


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How to reference a journal article in the European Spine Journal citation style?

How do you cite scientific papers in European Spine Journal format?

An European Spine Journal citation for a journal article includes the author name(s), publication year, article title, journal name, volume and issue number, page range of the article, and a DOI (if available). Here’s how

Here’s a European Spine Journal journal citation example using placeholders: So if we want to reference this scientific article: “Testing consumer preferences for iced-coffee: Does the drinking environment have any influence?” by C. Petit and J.M. Sieffermann in European Spine Journal: And an in-text citation would look like this: [1]


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How to cite a website in a paper in European Spine Journal style?

Have you come across a news article, blogpost or essay on the web and are not sure how to reference in European Spine Journal? Here’s how to easily cite it

Here’s an European Spine Journal example website reference: To reference the article located at this link:
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/nov/05/uselections20083
on The Guardian website: And an in-text citation would look like this: [1]

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How to cite a YouTube video European Spine Journal in 2023

To cite a YouTube video, channel, or comment according to European Spine Journal, all you need it the following

Here’s a European Spine Journal citation YouTube video example: So how to cite a video European Spine Journal? And an in-text video citation would look like this: [1]

How to cite a podcast using European Spine Journal referencing style

As the world goes digital, so does the way we learn. Podcasts have become an increasingly common source of knowledge. Here’s how to cite a podcast episode in European Spine Journal

It is becoming more and more common to reference podcasts in essays or other school work.
Here’s how to reference a podcast it in European Spine Journal. Podcast referencing example in European Spine Journal using “This American Life” episode 640: And an in-text citation would look like this: [1]

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How to cite a piece of music or a song using European Spine Journal referencing style?

Many people think that referencing songs or lyrics to songs isn’t common practise. That’s why we’re here to make it as simple and easy for you to reference a song in European Spine Journal. This is all you need

An example song citation in European Spine Journal. Let‘s say we want to reference “Here Comes the Sun” off The Beatles “Abbey Road” album in European Spine Journal: And an in-text citation would look like this: [1]