The Open University (numeric) Referencing Guide
(updated Apr 2024)

How do you cite a book in the The Open University (numeric) referencing style? (2024 Guide)

Books are written works or compositions that have been published, many of which might be in digital version. Here’s how to cite a book in The Open University (numeric)

Here’s an example book citation in The Open University (numeric) using placeholders: So if we want to cite, for example, “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” by Maya Angelou we’d do so like this:
The Open University (numeric) citation: And an in-text citation book citation in The Open University (numeric) looks like this: [1]


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How to reference a journal article in the The Open University (numeric) citation style?

How do you cite scientific papers in The Open University (numeric) format?

Do you need help referencing or citing a research paper in The Open University (numeric)? Here’s how

Here’s a The Open University (numeric) journal citation example using placeholders: So if we want to reference this scientific article: “Testing consumer preferences for iced-coffee: Does the drinking environment have any influence?” by C. Petit and J.M. Sieffermann in The Open University (numeric): And an in-text citation would look like this: [1]


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How to cite a website in a paper in The Open University (numeric) style?

The basics of a reference list entry for a web page or web document in The Open University (numeric) is straight forward. Here’s how

Here’s an The Open University (numeric) example website reference: To reference the article located at this link:
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/nov/05/uselections20083
on The Guardian website: And an in-text citation would look like this: [1]

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How to cite a YouTube video The Open University (numeric) in 2024

Are you wondering if it’s ok to reference a YouTube video in a research paper? Here’s how to cite it in The Open University (numeric)

Here’s a The Open University (numeric) citation YouTube video example: So how to cite a video The Open University (numeric)? And an in-text video citation would look like this: [1]

How to cite a podcast using The Open University (numeric) referencing style

Are you listening to a podcast and you want to use it in your essay or presentation? Here’s how to cite it in The Open University (numeric)

It is becoming more and more common to reference podcasts in essays or other school work.
Here’s how to reference a podcast it in The Open University (numeric). Podcast referencing example in The Open University (numeric) using “This American Life” episode 640: And an in-text citation would look like this: [1]

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How to cite a piece of music or a song using The Open University (numeric) referencing style?

Did you know that Bob Dylan has written well over 500 different songs? Here’s how to cite any song in The Open University (numeric)

An example song citation in The Open University (numeric). Let‘s say we want to reference “Here Comes the Sun” off The Beatles “Abbey Road” album in The Open University (numeric): And an in-text citation would look like this: [1]